How to Cross Stitch (Cross-Stitch Basics)

Cross-Stitch Charts

Cross stitch is a form of counted embroidery that utilizes X-shape stitches on a stitching surface. Cross-stitch patterns are created with a grid system, using horizontal and vertical lines that intersect to create squares. Each square on the chart corresponds to a space for a cross stitch on the stitching surface. The symbol within the square correlates with the color code, which indicates the recommended floss color to be used for the stitch. Backstitches and straight stitches are indicated on the chart with colored lines, and French knots are shown with colored dots. All symbols and lines on a chart correlate with color codes.

To aid in counting, the chart is segmented, with every 10th line having a heavier appearance. Arrows at the top and left side of the grid indicate the center of the pattern. For most projects, it is best to begin stitching at the center of the design and at the center point of the fabric.

Pattern Details

Skill Level

This states the recommended level of cross-stitch skill needed to successfully complete the design.

Stitch Count

This states the number of stitches, by height and width, that are in the design.

Design Size

This states the dimensions, in inches, of the fully stitched design, based on the fabric count used.

Materials

This list states the materials that are recommended for the design and what was used to create the stitched model. It is recommended that you buy all the supplies needed for a project at the start. Floss comes in dye lots that may vary slightly between batches.

Fabric

The recommended cut size given typically allows for 3 inches of unstitched fabric to remain on all sides after the design is fully stitched. The thread count -- 14-count, 28-count, etc. -- refers to the number of squares or threads per inch and indicates how many cross stitches you can work within 1 inch when stitching over one square or thread. For example, on 14-count fabric, you can work 14 cross stitches within 1 inch. Most higher-count fabrics are stitched over two threads, which will decrease the number of stitches within 1 inch by half. Stitching over two threads using 28-count fabric will yield 14 stitches within 1 inch.

Floss

The brand(s) and number of skeins of each type of floss required for the design will be stated. The color code and stitching instructions will give further information on how each floss will be used. Floss should be cut into comfortable working lengths of about 18 inches. Most flosses have multi strands or plies, and the strands will need to be gently separated. Cross-stitch designs are typically stitched with one or two strands, as indicated in the instructions.

Needles

A blunt-tip tapestry needle, size 24, 26 or 28, is used for stitching on most cross-stitch surfaces. The higher the needle number, the smaller the needle. A correctly sized needle is easy to thread with the number of strands of floss required, but it is not so large that it will distort the holes in the fabric. A beading needle may also be required if beads are incorporated into the design.

Color Code

The color code lists the colors of floss needed to complete the design and is organized by the manufacturer’s product number. A symbol is found to the left of each floss entry and correlates with symbols on the chart. The symbols show where the floss is used in the design. An alternative floss choice is typically provided should you choose not to use the brand indicated by the designer.

Getting Started

Begin by gathering all the supplies you’ll need for your project. In addition to the cross-stitch pattern and the materials listed, you’ll also need embroidery scissors and an embroidery hoop. For those with vision difficulties, a lighting source with magnification may be beneficial.

Prepare to stitch by centering the fabric in the embroidery hoop. It is best to begin the first stitch at the center of the fabric and work out from that point, so find the starting point on the chart and on the fabric. Thread your needle with the color and number of strands of floss indicated for that first stitch.

To begin in an unstitched area, bring the threaded needle from the back to the front of the fabric. Hold about 1/2 inch of the end of the floss against the back, and then anchor it securely in place by catching it under the back loops of your first few stitches. To end and begin new lengths of floss next to existing stitches, weave the floss ends through the backs of several existing stitches.

Basic Stitches

The basic stitches most frequently found in cross-stitch projects are listed below. For additional instruction and detailed illustrations, please see the Basic Stitches section.

Cross Stitch: This is the foundational stitch in cross stitch.

1/2 Cross Stitch: This stitch is used for shading or in areas where a softer color effect is desired.

1/4 Cross Stitch: This stitch is used to create more detailed, finer points in a design.

3/4 Cross Stitch: This stitch is used to smooth edges and round corners.

Backstitch: This stitch is used for outlining or adding detail to a design.

French Knot: This stitch adds a 3-D effect and is often used for small details, such as eyes or flower centers.Top of Form